High-Gradient Magnetic Separation of Compact Fluorescent Lamp Phosphors: Elucidation of the Removal Dynamics in a Rotary Permanent Magnet Separator

In an ongoing effort towards a more sustainable rare-earth element market, there is high potential for efficient recycling of elements from end-of-life compact fluorescent lamps by physical separation the individual phosphors. this study, we investigate five lamp particles high-gradient magnetic in rotary permanent magnet separator. We thoroughly characterize phosphors ICP-MS, laser diffraction analysis, gas displacement pycnometry, surface area SQUID-VSM, and Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. present fast reliable quantification method mixtures investigated phosphors, based on combination Spectroscopy parallel factor analysis. With method, were able to monitor each phosphors’ removal dynamics separator estimate that particles’ efficiencies are proportional (d2·χ)1/3. Finally, have found removed can readily be recovered easily cell backwashing with intermittent air–water flow. This work should contribute better understanding separability simultaneously considered important preparation upscalable process (bio)functionalized superparamagnetic carriers.